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1 constitutional form of government
1) Военный термин: конституционная форма правления2) Политика: конституционный стройУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > constitutional form of government
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2 constitutional form of government
конституционная форма правления; конституционный стройPolitics english-russian dictionary > constitutional form of government
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3 form of government
1) гос. упр. форма правления (способ организации институтов высшей власти, принципы взаимодействия между ними и роль населения в их формировании)Syn:See:absolute government, bicameral government, parliamentary government, mixed government, presidential government 2), republican government, constitutional government, constitutional law, co-principality, mechanism of the government, territorial form of government2) гос. упр. форма местного управления (cпособ организации местных органов власти; принципы взаимодействия между главой муниципального образования и советом, а также способы учвстия местного населения в управлении территорией)See:municipal government, strong-mayor system, mayor-council system, weak-mayor system, council-manager system, commission system* * * -
4 form of government
the form of government — форма управления, режим
Синонимический ряд:republic (noun) commonwealth; constitutional government; democracy; democratic government; democratic state; elected government; representative government; republic -
5 constitutional
конституційний, який відповідає конституції; статутнийconstitutional and legal regulations — = constitutional and legal rules конституційно-правові встановлення
- constitutional actconstitutional disability of the President — неможливість виконувати президентом обов'язки, визначені конституцією
- constitutional action
- constitutional activity
- constitutional adjudication
- constitutional aim
- constitutional amendment
- constitutional and democratic
- constitutional and legal
- constitutional and legal rules
- constitutional assembly
- constitutional authority
- constitutional ban
- constitutional bound
- constitutional cause of action
- constitutional change
- constitutional charter
- constitutional claim
- constitutional compact
- constitutional complaint
- constitutional conflict
- constitutional controversy
- constitutional convention
- Constitutional Convention
- Constitutional Court
- Constitutional Court Act
- constitutional crisis
- constitutional decision
- constitutional democracy
- constitutional dispute
- constitutional disposition
- constitutional document
- constitutional doubt
- constitutional drafting
- constitutional duty
- constitutional eavesdropping
- constitutional execution
- constitutional form
- constitutional formulation
- constitutional frame
- constitutional framework
- constitutional framing
- constitutional freedoms
- constitutional function
- constitutional government
- constitutional ground
- constitutional guarantee
- constitutional guideline
- constitutional history
- constitutional implication
- constitutional innovation
- constitutional instrument
- constitutional interpretation
- constitutional issue
- constitutional jurisdiction
- constitutional jurisprudence
- constitutional jurist
- constitutional justification
- constitutional language
- constitutional law
- constitutional
- constitutional legislation
- constitutional liberties
- constitutional limit
- constitutional matter
- constitutional means
- constitutional method
- constitutional monarch
- constitutional monarchy
- constitutional norm
- constitutional obligation
- constitutional officer
- constitutional order
- constitutional permissibility
- constitutional position
- constitutional power
- constitutional practice
- constitutional principle
- constitutional privilege
- constitutional procedure
- constitutional process
- constitutional prohibition
- constitutional proposition
- constitutional propriety
- constitutional protectee
- constitutional protection
- constitutional provision
- constitutional purism
- constitutional purist
- constitutional qualification
- constitutional question
- constitutional rationale
- constitutional reform
- constitutional republic
- constitutional requirement
- constitutional restraint
- constitutional revision
- constitutional right
- constitutional rights
- constitutional safeguard
- constitutional scruples
- constitutional sense
- constitutional settlement
- constitutional scholar
- constitutional sensibility
- constitutional significance
- constitutional society
- constitutional standard
- constitutional state
- constitutional status
- constitutional supervision
- constitutional system
- constitutional term
- constitutional text
- constitutional thinking
- constitutional tool
- constitutional tort
- constitutional transgression
- constitutional validity
- constitutional violation
- constitutional warrant
- constitutional wording -
6 constitutional
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7 form
1) форма | формировать; составлять2) установленный образец; проформа; бланк; формуляр; анкета3) учреждать, образовывать, основывать•- forms of evidencein due form — в надлежащей форме, надлежаще оформленный, оформленный должным образом
- form of government
- form of law
- form of the statute
- application form
- arrest form
- borough form of government
- bound form
- city form of government
- colonial form of government
- constitutional form
- corporate form
- county form of government
- district form of government
- dominion form of government
- due form of law
- federal form of government
- insurance form
- legal form
- national form of government
- pamphlet form
- police form
- pre-printed form
- proposal form
- regular form of marriage
- rural form of government
- set form
- slip form
- standard form
- state form of government
- subrogation form
- suburban form of government
- territorial form of government
- town form of government
- urban form of government -
8 government
1. n правительство2. n форма правления3. n управление, руководствоthe form of government — форма управления, режим
4. n провинция; штат5. n фин. проф. государственные ценные бумагиСинонимический ряд:1. act of governing (noun) act of governing; bureaucracy; command; control of state; dominion; equity; power; ruling2. control (noun) administration; control; direction; governance; management; regime; rule3. system of administration (noun) assembly; congress; executive branch; legislature; parliament; supreme authority; system of administration -
9 government
n2) правление, управление государством, форма правления, руководство•to announce one's new government — объявлять состав своего правительства
to be designated the depositary governments — юр. назначаться в качестве правительств-депозитариев
to bring down a government — добиваться падения / отставки правительства; свергать правительство
to dismiss / to dissolve a government — отправлять в отставку / распускать правительство
to force the government into an early general election — заставлять правительство провести досрочные всеобщие выборы
to install a government — создавать / ставить у власти правительство
to pledge a government (to) — обязывать правительство (к чему-л.)
to resign one's government to smb — передавать руководство кому-л.
- all-party governmentto sweep a government from power — смещать правительство в результате убедительной победы его противников на выборах
- anti-crisis government
- at the helm of the government
- authoritarian government
- biracial government
- bourgeois government
- broadly based government
- caretaker government
- center-right government
- central government
- centralized government - civil government
- civilian government
- clean government
- coalition government
- collapse of a government
- communist government
- composition of the government
- Conservative Government
- constitutional government
- corrupt government
- crisis coalition government
- de facto government
- democratic government
- Democratic Government
- democratically elected government
- depositary government
- devolved government
- dictatorial government
- disaffection with the government
- dissolution of a government
- donor government
- elected government
- establishment of a fully independent government
- fate of the government stands to be decided
- federal government
- for the government of a country
- four-party government
- friendly government
- genocidal government
- government and opposition
- government by crony
- government has collapsed
- government has failed the people
- government has lost its credibility - government in waiting
- government is using its immense power
- government led by...
- government of a country
- government of a state
- government of national agreement
- government of national confidence
- government of national reconciliation
- government of national salvation
- government of national unity
- government of the day
- government recognized de facto
- government recognized de jure
- government survived a rebellion by Conservative MPs
- government will be for 3 months
- government within a government
- handpicked government
- head of government
- Her / His Majesty's Government
- host government
- ideological complexion of the government
- imperialist government
- in defiance of the government
- incoming government
- incompetent government
- independent government
- interim government
- inviolability of the government
- invisible government
- Labour Government
- left-bourgeois government
- left-wing government
- legitimate government
- less government
- liberal government
- local government
- majority government
- maladministration in the government
- military government
- military-backed government
- minority government
- moderate government
- more devolved government
- multiparty government
- municipal government
- national government
- national unity government
- neutral government
- newly-formed government
- on the orders of the government
- one party style of government
- opposing governments
- organs of government
- outgoing government
- overthrow of a government
- overthrown government
- parliamentary government
- post-war government
- power-sharing government
- prime minister's conduct of government
- protest to the government
- provincial government
- provisional government
- puppet government
- racist government
- reactionary government
- recipe for stable government
- refugee government
- republican government
- Republican Government
- reshuffle of the government
- restoration of a government
- rightist government
- right-wing government
- rupture of a coalition government
- scandal-tainted government - self-declared government
- shadow government
- shape of the government
- shared government
- shutdown of the government agencies
- shutdown of the government
- single-party government
- smb's challenge for government
- smb's style of government
- socialist government
- sole legitimate government
- sovereign government
- Soviet government
- stable government
- stop-gap government
- strong government
- student government
- successor government
- system of government
- then government
- totalitarian government
- transition government
- transitional government
- tripartite coalition government
- tsarist government
- uncaring government
- under the government
- under the present government
- US-backed government
- weak government
- white minority government -
10 government
n1) (часто Government) правительство3) управление, руководство- resign one's government to smb.4) провинция (управляемая губернатором); штат• -
11 government
сущ.1) гос. упр. правительство ( высший орган исполнительной власти в стране)to set up [form\] a government — сформировать правительство
It is a call for government and business to work more closely together. — Это призыв к правительству и деловым кругам работать более сплоченно.
Syn:See:cabinet government, caretaker government, carpet-bag government, government de facto, government de jure, government in exile, bank of government, change of government, government agent, government approval, government broker, government customer, government organization, government program, intergovernmental, administrative act, executive power, nongovernmental organization, international nongovernmental organization, vote of no confidence, convention of collective ministerial responsibility, coup d'état2) гос. упр. власти; государство ( как институт)Syn:See:government aid, government bill of lading, government buyer, government contractor, government guarantee, government payroll, government pension, government purchases, government subsidy, at government expense, government-subsidized competition, branch of power3) гос. упр. администрация (района, города т. п.)Syn:See:4) пол. правление, форма правленияSyn:See:absolute government, authoritarian government, bicameral government, constitutional government, democratic government, republican government5) упр. управление, руководство ( в государственной сфере или на высшем уровне организации)See:6) гос. упр. губерния, провинция (территория, управляемая губернатором)See:7) гос. упр., мн. органы государственного [муниципального\] управленияThe Council of Governments is a voluntary organization of municipal and county governments in North Carolina. — Совет штата представляет из себя добровольную организацию муниципальных и государственных органов управления.
See:8) мн., гос. фин. государственные ценные бумагиSee: -
12 government
n1. (часто G.) уряд3. управління, керівництво4. провінція (якою керує губернатор); штат- authoritarian government диктаторська форма правління- autocratic government диктаторська форма правління- biracial government уряд, в якому присутні представники двох рас- black-led government уряд, в якому чорношкірі відіграють провідну роль- centralized government централізована форма правління- centre-right government правоцентристський уряд- coalition government коаліційний уряд- Conservative government консервативний уряд- constitutional government конституційна форма правління- democratic governmentb) (D. government) демократичний уряд (з представників Демократичної парти)- depositary government держава-депозитарій- federal government федеральна форма правління- government agencies органи правління, урядові установи- government departments урядові установи- government party урядова партія- handpicked government спеціально підібраний склад уряду- incoming government уряд, який прийшов до влади- invisible government невидимий уряд (сили, які діють за плечима офіційного уряду)- liberal government ліберальний уряд- local government місцеве самоврядування- overthrown government скинутий уряд- parliamentary government парламентська форма правління- puppet government маріонетковий уряд- republican governmentb) (R. government) республіканський уряд- signatory governments уряди, що підписали договір/ угоду- sovereign government суверенний уряд- transition government уряд перехідного періоду, перехідний уряд- government of a state управління державою- composition of the government склад уряду- head of government глава уряду- inviolability of the government непохитність існуючого порядку/ правління- organs of government органи державного управління- reshuffle of the government переформування уряду- rupture of a coalition government розпад коаліційного уряду- system of government система правління- to form the government сформувати уряд- to place the government in care-taker status поставити уряд в положення тимчасово виконуючого обов'язки- to represent a government представляти уряд- to resign one's government to smbd. передати управління комусь- to speak in the name of the government виступати від імені уряду- to topple the government скинути уряд- to win a mandate to form a new government отримати мандат на формування нового уряду- Her/ His Majesty's G. уряд її/ Його Величності (Велика Британія)- Labour government лейбористський уряд (Велика Британія)- I am authorized by my government мій уряд надав мені повноваження- My government instructed me to... мій уряд доручив мені... -
13 government
[ʹgʌv(ə)mənt,ʹgʌv(ə)nmənt] n1. ( часто Government) правительствоpuppet [sovereign] government - марионеточное [суверенное] правительство
Liberal [Labour, Conservative] government - либеральное [лейбористское, консервативное] правительство
invisible government см. invisible II 1
government party - правительственная /правящая/ партия
Her [His] Majesty's Government - правительство Её [Его] Величества ( в Великобритании)
to dissolve the government - распустить /расформировать/ правительство
2. форма правленияdemocratic [republican, federal, centralized, parliamentary] government - демократическая [республиканская, федеральная, централизованная, парламентская] форма правления
3. управление, руководствоthe form of government - форма управления, режим
to resign one's government to smb. - передать руководство кому-л.
4. провинция ( управляемая губернатором); штат5. грам. управление6. pl фин. проф. государственные ценные бумаги♢
petticoat government - ≅ женское засильеunder petticoat government - ≅шутл. под башмаком у жены
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14 constitutional government
пол. конституционное правлениеа) ист. (ограниченное конституцией, не абсолютное)Syn:See:б) юр. ( подчиняющееся закону)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > constitutional government
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15 government
['gʌv(ə)məntˌ 'gʌv(ə)nmənt]n- strong government
- coalition government
- provisional government
- reactionary government
- military government
- government official
- organs of government
- elect the government
- destabilize a government
- dissolve a government
- form a government
- head a government
- government issues laws - constitutional government
- totalitarian government3) управление, руководство- municipal government
- government of a state
- form of government
- system of government -
16 constitutional law
1) юр. конституционное право (регулирующее общественные отношения в государстве, формы и способы осуществления власти, правовое положение личности, государственное устройство)Syn:See:constitutional rights, form of government, form of territorial organization, constitutional tort, parliamentary law2) юр. конституционный закон (закон, не противоречащий конституции)See:* * ** * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
17 constitutional government
the form of government — форма управления, режим
Синонимический ряд:republic (noun) commonwealth; democracy; federation; republic -
18 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
19 federal
федеральний, федеративний; державний; союзний, який стосується союзуFederal Bureau of Investigation — Федеральне бюро розслідувань ( США) (скор. ФБР)
Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy — Національна академія Федерального бюро розслідувань (розташовано у м. Квантіко, штат Вірджинія, США)
Federal Emergency Management Administration — Федеральне управління з надзвичайних ситуацій (розташовано у м. Емметсбург, штат Меріленд, США)
Federal Insurance Contributions Act — Федеральний закон про відрахування у фонд соціального страхування
Federal Land Policy and Management Act — закон про політику в сфері управління землею, що перебуває у федеральній власності
- federal actionsFederal Property and Administrative Services Act — Федеральний закон про державну власність і адміністративні служби
- Federal Highway Administration
- federal administrative agency
- federal agency
- federal agent
- federal aid
- federal appellate court
- federal arrest warrant
- federal article
- Federal Assembly
- federal authorities
- federal authority
- federal authorization
- federal ban
- federal bench
- Federal Chancellor
- federal charge
- federal claim
- federal constitution
- federal constitutional court
- federal constitutional law
- federal contract
- federal conviction
- federal corrections
- federal council
- federal court
- federal court of appeals
- federal court system
- federal decision judgement
- federal decision judgment
- federal defendant
- federal defence
- federal defense
- federal detention
- federal district court
- federal election
- federal employee
- federal enforcement
- federal establishment
- federal form of government
- federal government
- federal judge
- federal judicial power
- federal judicial system
- federal judiciary
- federal jurisdiction
- federal law
- federal law reports
- federal legislature
- federal manager
- federal old age benefits
- federal parliament
- federal powers
- federal prison
- federal prison camp
- federal prisoner
- federal prosecution
- federal prosecutor
- federal provision
- federal question
- federal regulation
- federal regulatory agency
- federal remedy
- federal reports
- federal republic
- Federal Reserve Act
- Federal Reserve System
- federal sentence
- federal state
- federal statute
- federal structure
- federal system
- federal tax
- Federal Trade Commission
- federal union
- federal vote
- federal voting -
20 republic
n республикаСинонимический ряд:1. form of government (noun) constitutional government; democracy; democratic government; democratic state; elected government; form of government; representative government2. nation (noun) commonwealth; community; country; federation; government; land; nation; state
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См. также в других словарях:
Form of government — A system of government is a term that refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized in order to exert its powers over a Community politics. [http://assets.cambridge.org/052184/3162/excerpt/0521843162… … Wikipedia
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Constitutional — Con sti*tu tion*al (k[o^]n st[ict]*t[=u] sh[u^]n*al), a. [Cf. F. constitutionnel.] 1. Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity; constitutional ardor or dullness. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Constitutional law — Constitutional Con sti*tu tion*al (k[o^]n st[ict]*t[=u] sh[u^]n*al), a. [Cf. F. constitutionnel.] 1. Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity; constitutional ardor or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
constitutional law — Introduction the body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities. In modern times the most important political community has been the state. Modern constitutional law is the offspring of… … Universalium
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government — governmental /guv euhrn men tl, euhr men /, adj. governmentally, adv. /guv euhrn meuhnt, euhr meuhnt/, n. 1. the political direction and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and… … Universalium
Government of Australia — This article describes the federal government of Australia. See Australian governments for other jurisdictions. For a description of politics and political institutions, see Politics of Australia. Australia This article is part of a series about… … Wikipedia
Constitutional convention (political custom) — Not to be confused with Constitutional convention (political meeting). A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. In some states, notably those Commonwealth of… … Wikipedia
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